Synthetic fibers are man-made fibers produced by chemical modification of petroleum or coal-derived polymers or naturally occurring materials. Alfa Chemistry is committed to providing customers with a wide range of synthetic fiber products.
Classification
- By Chemical Composition
According to the chemical composition of synthetic fibers, they can be divided into two categories: inorganic synthetic fibers and organic synthetic fibers. Examples of inorganic synthetic fibers are carbon fibers, glass fibers, boron fibers, etc. Examples of organic synthetic fibers are aramid fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, acrylic fibers, and so on. - By Aspect Ratio
According to the aspect ratio, it is divided into short fiber and long fiber. Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter. Short fibers, also called discontinuous fibers, have an aspect ratio between 20-60. Long fibers, also called continuous fibers, have an aspect ratio between 200-500. - Novel Synthetic Fibers
With the development of fiber manufacturing technology, some novel synthetic fibers have also received extensive attention, such as easily dyeable synthetic fibers, microfibers, high-performance fibers and nanofibers, etc. Dyeable synthetic fibers mainly include cationic dyeable polyester fibers, cationic deep-dyed polyamide fibers, and acid dyeable polyacrylonitrile fibers and polypropylene fibers. The linear density of ultra-fine fiber is 0.11-0.55 dtex, and it can be produced by two-component composite splitting method, sea-island method, and melt-blown method. High-performance fibers are usually distinguished by their special properties, such as high strength and high modulus, high adsorption, high elasticity, high temperature resistance and flame retardant, light guide, electrical conductivity, high efficiency separation, radiation protection, reverse osmosis, corrosion resistance, medical and Drug fiber and other fiber materials. Nanofibers generally refer to fibers less than 100 nm in diameter, which may have surface effects, small size effects, or quantum size effects.
Advantages And Disadvantages
Synthetic fibers generally have the following advantages and disadvantages compared to natural fibers.
Advantages
- Long lasting
- Readily pick-up to various dyes
- Stretchable
- Waterproofing
- Non biodegradability
- Moisture resistance
- Strain and wear resistance
Disadvantages
- Flammable
- Prone to heat damage
- Melt easily
- Not eco-friendly
- Cause for microplastic pollution
- Not suitable for hot washing
- Poor insulation capacity
Properties
Here are some performance references for common synthetic fibers.
| Fiber type | Fiber Diameter (0.001 in) | Specific Gravity | Tensile Strength (Ksi) | Elasticity Modulus (Ksi) | Elongation at Break (%) | Water Absorption (%) | Melting Point (°C) | Maximum Working Temp (°C) |
|---|
| Steel | 4-40 | 7.8 | 70-380 | 30,000 | 0.5-3.5 | nil | 1370 | 760 |
| Glass | 0.3-0.8 | 2.5 | 220-580 | 10,400-11,600 | 2-4 | N/A | 1300 | 1000 |
| Carbon | 0.3-0.35 | 0.90 | 260-380 | 33,400-55,100 | 0.5-1.5 | nil | 3652-3697 | N/A |
| Nylon | 0.9 | 1.14 | 140 | 750 | 20-30 | 2.8-5.0 | 220-265 | 199 |
| Acrylics | 0.2-0.7 | 1.14-1.18 | 39-145 | 2,500-2,800 | 20-40 | 1.0-2.5 | Decomp | 180 |
| Aramid | 0.4-0.5 | 1.38-1.45 | 300-450 | 9,000-17,000 | 2-12 | 1.2-4.3 | Decomp | 450 |
| Polyester | 0.4-3.0 | 1.38 | 40-170 | 2,500 | 8-30 | 0.4 | 260 | 170 |
| Polypropylene | 0.8-8.0 | 0.9 | 65-100 | 500-750 | 10-20 | nil | 165 | 100 |
Polyethylene
Low
High | 1.0-40.0 | 0.92
0.95 | 11-17
50-71 | 725 | 25-50
20-30 | nil
nil | 110
135 | 55
65 |
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